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MySQL Commands
Posted on 07-25-2007 00:13:00 UTC | Updated on 01-21-2010 02:40:23 UTC
Section: /software/mysql/ | Permanent Link

This is a list of handy MySQL commands that I use time and time again. At the bottom are statements, clauses, and functions you can use in MySQL. Below that are PHP and Perl API functions you can use to interface with MySQL. To use those you will need to build PHP with MySQL functionality. To use MySQL with Perl you will need to use the Perl modules DBI and DBD::mysql.

Below when you see # it means from the unix shell. When you see mysql> it means from a MySQL prompt after logging into MySQL.

To login (from unix shell) use -h only if needed.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -h hostname -u root -p

Create a database on the sql server.

mysql> create database [databasename];

List all databases on the sql server.

mysql> show databases;

Switch to a database.

mysql> use [db name];

To see all the tables in the db.

mysql> show tables;

To see database's field formats.

mysql> describe [table name];

To delete a db.

mysql> drop database [database name];

To delete a table.

mysql> drop table [table name];

Show all data in a table.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.

mysql> show columns from [table name];

Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";

Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444' order by the phone_number field.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444' order by phone_number;

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444' limit to records 1 through 5.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444' limit 1,5;

Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";

Show unique records.

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

Return number of rows.

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

Sum column.

mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

Join tables on common columns.

mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));
mysql> flush privileges;

Change a users password from unix shell.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'new-password'

Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');
mysql> flush privileges;

Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
# mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Set a root password if there is on root password.

# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword

Update a root password.

# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpassword

Allow the user "bob" to connect to the server from localhost using the password "passwd". Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Give privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> grant usage on *.* to bob@localhost identified by 'passwd';
mysql> flush privileges;

Give user privilages for a db. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Grant privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_priv,Drop_priv) VALUES ('%','databasename','username','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N');
mysql> flush privileges;

or

mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;
mysql> flush privileges;

To update info already in a table.

mysql> UPDATE [table name] SET Select_priv = 'Y',Insert_priv = 'Y',Update_priv = 'Y' where [field name] = 'user';

Delete a row(s) from a table.

mysql> DELETE from [table name] where [field name] = 'whatever';

Update database permissions/privilages.

mysql> flush privileges;

Delete a column.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop column [column name];

Add a new column to db.

mysql> alter table [table name] add column [new column name] varchar (20);

Change column name.

mysql> alter table [table name] change [old column name] [new column name] varchar (50);

Make a unique column so you get no dupes.

mysql> alter table [table name] add unique ([column name]);

Make a column bigger.

mysql> alter table [table name] modify [column name] VARCHAR(3);

Delete unique from table.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop index [colmn name];

Load a CSV file into a table.

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/filename.csv' replace INTO TABLE [table name] FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' (field1,field2,field3);

Dump all databases for backup. Backup file is sql commands to recreate all db's.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u root -ppassword --opt >/tmp/alldatabases.sql

Dump one database for backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u username -ppassword --databases databasename >/tmp/databasename.sql

Dump a table from a database.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -c -u username -ppassword databasename tablename > /tmp/databasename.tablename.sql

Restore database (or database table) from backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword databasename < /tmp/databasename.sql

Create Table Example 1.

mysql> CREATE TABLE [table name] (firstname VARCHAR(20), middleinitial VARCHAR(3), lastname VARCHAR(35),suffix VARCHAR(3),officeid VARCHAR(10),userid VARCHAR(15),username VARCHAR(8),email VARCHAR(35),phone VARCHAR(25), groups VARCHAR(15),datestamp DATE,timestamp time,pgpemail VARCHAR(255));

Create Table Example 2.

mysql> create table [table name] (personid int(50) not null auto_increment primary key,firstname varchar(35),middlename varchar(50),lastnamevarchar(50) default 'bato');

MYSQL Statements and clauses


ALTER DATABASE

ALTER TABLE

ALTER VIEW

ANALYZE TABLE

BACKUP TABLE

CACHE INDEX

CHANGE MASTER TO

CHECK TABLE

CHECKSUM TABLE

COMMIT

CREATE DATABASE

CREATE INDEX

CREATE TABLE

CREATE VIEW

DELETE

DESCRIBE

DO

DROP DATABASE

DROP INDEX

DROP TABLE

DROP USER

DROP VIEW

EXPLAIN

FLUSH

GRANT

HANDLER

INSERT

JOIN

KILL

LOAD DATA FROM MASTER

LOAD DATA INFILE

LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE

LOAD TABLE...FROM MASTER

LOCK TABLES

OPTIMIZE TABLE

PURGE MASTER LOGS

RENAME TABLE

REPAIR TABLE

REPLACE

RESET

RESET MASTER

RESET SLAVE

RESTORE TABLE

REVOKE

ROLLBACK

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

SAVEPOINT

SELECT

SET

SET PASSWORD

SET SQL_LOG_BIN

SET TRANSACTION

SHOW BINLOG EVENTS

SHOW CHARACTER SET

SHOW COLLATION

SHOW COLUMNS

SHOW CREATE DATABASE

SHOW CREATE TABLE

SHOW CREATE VIEW

SHOW DATABASES

SHOW ENGINES

SHOW ERRORS

SHOW GRANTS

SHOW INDEX

SHOW INNODB STATUS

SHOW LOGS

SHOW MASTER LOGS

SHOW MASTER STATUS

SHOW PRIVILEGES

SHOW PROCESSLIST

SHOW SLAVE HOSTS

SHOW SLAVE STATUS

SHOW STATUS

SHOW TABLE STATUS

SHOW TABLES

SHOW VARIABLES

SHOW WARNINGS

START SLAVE

START TRANSACTION

STOP SLAVE

TRUNCATE TABLE

UNION

UNLOCK TABLES

USE

String Functions


AES_DECRYPT

AES_ENCRYPT

ASCII

BIN

BINARY

BIT_LENGTH

CHAR

CHAR_LENGTH

CHARACTER_LENGTH

COMPRESS

CONCAT

CONCAT_WS

CONV

DECODE

DES_DECRYPT

DES_ENCRYPT

ELT

ENCODE

ENCRYPT

EXPORT_SET

FIELD

FIND_IN_SET

HEX

INET_ATON

INET_NTOA

INSERT

INSTR

LCASE

LEFT

LENGTH

LOAD_FILE

LOCATE

LOWER

LPAD

LTRIM

MAKE_SET

MATCH    AGAINST

MD5

MID

OCT

OCTET_LENGTH

OLD_PASSWORD

ORD

PASSWORD

POSITION

QUOTE

REPEAT

REPLACE

REVERSE

RIGHT

RPAD

RTRIM

SHA

SHA1

SOUNDEX

SPACE

STRCMP

SUBSTRING

SUBSTRING_INDEX

TRIM

UCASE

UNCOMPRESS

UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH

UNHEX

UPPER

Date and Time Functions


ADDDATE

ADDTIME

CONVERT_TZ

CURDATE

CURRENT_DATE

CURRENT_TIME

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

CURTIME

DATE

DATE_ADD

DATE_FORMAT

DATE_SUB

DATEDIFF

DAY

DAYNAME

DAYOFMONTH

DAYOFWEEK

DAYOFYEAR

EXTRACT

FROM_DAYS

FROM_UNIXTIME

GET_FORMAT

HOUR

LAST_DAY

LOCALTIME

LOCALTIMESTAMP

MAKEDATE

MAKETIME

MICROSECOND

MINUTE

MONTH

MONTHNAME

NOW

PERIOD_ADD

PERIOD_DIFF

QUARTER

SEC_TO_TIME

SECOND

STR_TO_DATE

SUBDATE

SUBTIME

SYSDATE

TIME

TIMEDIFF

TIMESTAMP

TIMESTAMPDIFF

TIMESTAMPADD

TIME_FORMAT

TIME_TO_SEC

TO_DAYS

UNIX_TIMESTAMP

UTC_DATE

UTC_TIME

UTC_TIMESTAMP

WEEK

WEEKDAY

WEEKOFYEAR

YEAR

YEARWEEK

Mathematical and Aggregate Functions


ABS

ACOS

ASIN

ATAN

ATAN2

AVG

BIT_AND

BIT_OR

BIT_XOR

CEIL

CEILING

COS

COT

COUNT

CRC32

DEGREES

EXP

FLOOR

FORMAT

GREATEST

GROUP_CONCAT

LEAST

LN

LOG

LOG2

LOG10

MAX

MIN

MOD

PI

POW

POWER

RADIANS

RAND

ROUND

SIGN

SIN

SQRT

STD

STDDEV

SUM

TAN

TRUNCATE

VARIANCE

Flow Control Functions


CASE

IF

IFNULL

NULLIF

Command-Line Utilities


comp_err

isamchk

make_binary_distribution

msql2mysql

my_print_defaults

myisamchk

myisamlog

myisampack

mysqlaccess

mysqladmin

mysqlbinlog

mysqlbug

mysqlcheck

mysqldump

mysqldumpslow

mysqlhotcopy

mysqlimport

mysqlshow

perror

Perl API - using functions and methods built into the Perl DBI with MySQL


available_drivers

begin_work

bind_col

bind_columns

bind_param

bind_param_array

bind_param_inout

can

clone

column_info

commit

connect

connect_cached

data_sources

disconnect

do

dump_results

err

errstr

execute

execute_array

execute_for_fetch

fetch

fetchall_arrayref

fetchall_hashref

fetchrow_array

fetchrow_arrayref

fetchrow_hashref

finish

foreign_key_info

func

get_info

installed_versions


last_insert_id

looks_like_number

neat

neat_list

parse_dsn

parse_trace_flag

parse_trace_flags

ping

prepare

prepare_cached

primary_key

primary_key_info

quote

quote_identifier

rollback

rows

selectall_arrayref

selectall_hashref

selectcol_arrayref

selectrow_array

selectrow_arrayref

selectrow_hashref

set_err

state

table_info

table_info_all

tables

trace

trace_msg

type_info

type_info_all

Attributes for Handles

PHP API - using functions built into PHP with MySQL


mysql_affected_rows

mysql_change_user

mysql_client_encoding

mysql_close

mysql_connect

mysql_create_db

mysql_data_seek

mysql_db_name

mysql_db_query

mysql_drop_db

mysql_errno

mysql_error

mysql_escape_string

mysql_fetch_array

mysql_fetch_assoc

mysql_fetch_field

mysql_fetch_lengths

mysql_fetch_object

mysql_fetch_row

mysql_field_flags

mysql_field_len

mysql_field_name

mysql_field_seek

mysql_field_table

mysql_field_type

mysql_free_result

mysql_get_client_info

mysql_get_host_info

mysql_get_proto_info

mysql_get_server_info

mysql_info

mysql_insert_id

mysql_list_dbs

mysql_list_fields

mysql_list_processes

mysql_list_tables

mysql_num_fields

mysql_num_rows

mysql_pconnect

mysql_ping

mysql_query

mysql_real_escape_string

mysql_result

mysql_select_db

mysql_stat

mysql_tablename

mysql_thread_id

mysql_unbuffered_query

Reddit!

Related stories

Fixing MySQL crashed tables
Posted on 03-20-2007 03:22:00 UTC | Updated on 03-20-2007 03:22:00 UTC
Section: /software/mysql/ | Permanent Link

Got home tonight and mythtv machine was locked up solid. Rebooted it and noticed I had no program data. Tried deleting the data in the program guide and refilling it to no avail. Then I noticed this at the end of running mythfilldatabase:

2007-03-18 21:03:52.424 DB Error (DelLogEntry#1):
Query was:
SELECT logid FROM mythlog WHERE module= 'mythfilldatabase' ORDER BY logdate ASC;
Driver error was [2/145]:
QMYSQL3: Unable to execute query
Database error was:
Table './mythconverg/mythlog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired

Crashed table. Yuck!

Tried fixing that one with the command

mysqlcheck --auto-repair --check -u mythtv -pmysqlpass

To which I got back

mythconverg.mythlog
error    : Table './mythconverg/mythlog' is marked as crashed and should be repaired
Repairing tables
mythconverg.mythlog                                OK

Then I ran mythfilldatabase again and went to my mythtv webpage to look for program data.

It told me another table had crashed and needed to be repaired. So I figured other tables must have crashed as well so I just wanted to find a blanket command to check and fix all the tables with problems. I put this one together from the --help page and it did the trick. Everything is back up and working. The following command that did it was

mysqlcheck --auto-repair -A -u mythtv -pmysqlpass

It finds all corrupted tables and fixes them if possible. Output from command is below. Output from this command is below. The "..." is space where lot's of other tables were.

mythconverg.gameplayers                            OK
mythconverg.housekeeping                           OK
...
mythconverg.inuseprograms
error    : Table './mythconverg/inuseprograms' is marked as crashed and should
be repaired
mythconverg.oldfind                                OK
mythconverg.oldprogram                             OK
...
mythconverg.oldrecorded
error    : Table './mythconverg/oldrecorded' is marked as crashed and should be
repaired
mythconverg.recordedrating                         OK
...
mythconverg.recordedseek
error    : Table './mythconverg/recordedseek' is marked as crashed and should be
repaired
...
mythconverg.videosource                            OK
mythconverg.videotypes                             OK

Repairing tables
mythconverg.inuseprograms
warning  : Number of rows changed from 3 to 1
status   : OK
mythconverg.oldrecorded
warning  : Number of rows changed from 5454 to 5455
status   : OK
mythconverg.recordedseek
warning  : Number of rows changed from 471859 to 471860
status   : OK

Reddit!

Related stories

Connecting Openoffice.org's Writer and MySQL on Debian GNU/Linux
Posted on 12-27-2005 19:13:00 UTC | Updated on 12-27-2005 19:13:00 UTC
Section: /software/mysql/ | Permanent Link

This is a quick description of how to use Openoffice.org's Writer to modify MySQL databases. The Openoffice.org used in this example is from 2005 so it might become dated but here it is anyway.

Install OpenOffice.org

apt-get install openoffice.org

Install MySQL

apt-get install mysql

To turn on networking in MySQL (make it listen to incomming connections) you have to edit the /etc/mysql/my.cnf file.Comment out the line "skip-networking". To make it listen to local loopback only (just your machine) you need to put in the line "bind-address = 127.0.0.1". In the section "[mysqld]". Save it.

Then restart MySQL

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

After that install the grant tables.

mysql_install_db --user=mysql

Then login to MySQL.

mysql -u root -p

By default the password is blank so hit enter when asked for one. Then after you login set the MySQL root users password with the following commands.

use mysql;

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');

Then create a database with the following command.

create database databasenamehere;

Then create a table.

create table blah (unique_name varchar(100) not null primary key);

I've read if you don't create a primary key the database stays read-only. So heed that warning. To connect to MySQL with OpenOffice Writer you have to install the packages "unixodbc", "libmyodbc", and "myodbc" in Debian. Do this with the following commands.

apt-get install unixodbc libmyodbc libmyodbc

Then configure the following odbc file /etc/odbcinst.ini to look like this:

[MySQL]

Description = ODBC Driver for MySQL
Driver      = /usr/lib/libmyodbc.so
Setup       = /usr/lib/libodbcmyS.so
FileUsage   = 1
CPTimeout   =
CPReuse     =

Then configure the next odbc file /etc/odbc.ini to look like the following example. Don't forget to replace the "databasenamegoeshere" with your actual database name.

[databasenamegoeshere]
Description  = MySQL db test
Driver       = MySQL
Server       = localhost
Database     = databasenamegoeshere
Port         = 3306
Socket       =
Option       =
Stmt         =

To test if you can connect to the MySQL database with ODBC use the program "isql". It should have come with one of the packages above. To connect to the MySQL database use the command:

isql databasename root mysqlrootspassword -v

If it connects and brings you to a SQL prompt then it should work fine in Openoffice. If not then you'll have to look at the error message and determine what your unique problem is and how to make it connect correctly.

Now open OpenOffice.org's Writer program and click "Tools" -> "Data Sources". In the "database" tab select "MySQL" as the database type. Click the datasource url button and select your database. Then in the "MySQL" tab click select "Use existing myodbc datasource". In the datasource url section click the button and make sure your database is selected. Under username put the users name that has access to the DB (mine is root). Check the password box. Then click the "ok" button and you'll be back at the main Writer screen. Hit the "F4" key and it will bring up a database view. From there you can right click on the "tables" area to create and edit or make new tables.

Reddit!

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